Hasmonean Jerusalem

     The conservative Jews revolted against the Jews that collaborated with the Greeks, and the Seleucids themselves. It was called the "Maccabean Revolt" after its leader, Judas Maccabaeus. The revolt was a sucess, with the Jews defeating the Seleucids and regaining control of the Temple and Jerusalem in 165/4BCE. Hannukkah was established to commemorate the victory, and the Jews were able to establish self-rule for the first time since the Babyloanina exiel. The Maccabean revolt have rise to the Hasmonean Dynasty. 
     The rulers expanded the Jewish territory, but Jewish self rule only lasted for about a century. The Hasmonean rulers became very Hellenized, and they assumed the positions of High Priest and King. They used brutal tactics, and forcibly "Judaized" surrounding gentile regions. Again we see the rise in Priesthood, with their taking the promise to David and redirecting it to themselves. Eventually we see that Jewish self rule turned into a dictatorship, and in 63BCE the Romans capture Jerusalem, under the leadership of Pompey.